So, instead of studying for my midterm (don’t worry, don’t worry, I already did that), I’m going to explain a a few of the differences between Japanese and English.
This first one doesn’t affect me personally, but I had to do a presentation about it, so you get to read about it.
Japanese is a pretty hierarchical culture: there are specific ways of speaking to someone based on whether you are of a similar or lower social position than your conversation partner. Adjectives, nouns, and verbs all take on different forms based on this one distinction and it’s an absolute pain to learn it all, nevermind remembering to use them correctly in everyday conversation. And, of course, it’s either rude or stiff/distant if you use the wrong level of formality to address someone, depending on which direction the mistake is in.
So, fine, yes, social relations are important. The specific problem that we talked about in my Japanese class is how you refer to your spouse in Japanese.
Yeah, it’s a big issue for young Japanese women today, apparently. The problem is that the traditional word for huband, shujin, literally means, “lord-person.” A lot of modern women consider that vocabulary… dated. And the alternative that a lot of young couples are turning to, danna, means the boss of a store and it’s what concubines and mistresses used to call their husband. So, honestly not much better.
So what is a modern Japanese woman to do? There are a lot of alternatives, but none of them are really popular and they all have slightly weird connotations. For instance, tsureai corresponds most closely to the English word “lover,” I think, and just like in America, it’s a kind of weird thing to call someone you’re married to. There’s also aikata which literally means “partner,” but its origin is from a Japanese form of two-main comedy called manzai, in which one member calls the other aikata. So, there’s confusion over what message you’re trying to send there.
Oddly enough, the problem kind of resolves itself once a married couple has kids: they then refer to each other as “mom” and “dad” or “papa” and “mama.” This happens in some European countries, but it’s still weird to me to be talking to someone else, but use a word that refers to your relationship to a third person in the room. And it varies depending on who’s in the room, since, when talking to me, my host parents refer to themselves as “mom” and “dad,” but when their grandchildren are in the house, they call themselves “grandma” and “grandpa.”
And there’s one final catch: how do you refer to someone else’s husband? The way Japanese social circles work, you refer to people you’re related to using less polite terms and other people’s families using the more polite terms. So, even if you can agree with your spouse what to call each other, you can’t make the same agreement with every person you come across. Traditionally you use the word goshujin, which is the polite form of the old word for “husband.” But it still means “lord!” What are you saying about this other woman when you call her husband literally her lord? But if you don’t use that word, you risk offending the other person. D : So, there’s no real answer. Some people are offended whenever someone says shujin and some people think it’s really useless to spend this much time worrying about words. It’s tricky because the words themselves indicate some pretty sexist cultural norms (the word for wife literally means “inside the house”). But there’s no point in getting offended any time someone uses culturally accepted form.
Anyway, that’s one of the many reasons I’m never marrying a Japanese dude.